All the references are at the back of the book – but they are all web-linked, so I thought a page on this site might make it easier for you to find them if you are interested, or if you just bought the audio version of the book.
Science chocolate spoof
http://io9.com/i-fooled-millions-into-thinking-chocolate-helps-weight-1707251800
UK Office for National Statistics (ONS) mortality statistics
Bristol university – The Caerphilly study
http://www.bris.ac.uk/social-community-medicine/projects/caerphilly/
Alcohol advice
http://www.alcohollearningcentre.org.uk/Topics/Browse/BriefAdvice/?parent=4444&child=4896
British Liver Trust – Liver disease statistics
http://www.britishlivertrust.org.uk/
The effects of taking a break from drinking
https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/make-a-change/how-to-cut-down/take-a-break-from-alcohol/
UK Office for National Statistics (ONS) – Smoking habits
Guardian article – The risks of social smoking
http://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/feb/26/social-smokers-underestimate-risks-study
Journal of the American Medical Association – all cause mortality from obesity
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1555137
Obesity & Life Expectancy – UK National Obesity Observatory
http://www.noo.org.uk/uploads/doc/vid_7199_Obesity_and_life_expectancy.pdf
Times article – The obese are in denial about their weight
Health & Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) – Obesity data
http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB13218/HSE2012-Ch10-Adult-BMI.pdf
Perceptions of obesity in the UK
http://easo.org/perception-survey/summary-of-all-countries/survey-uk/
Kings College London study – The low odds on recovering normal body weight once obese
Canadian Medical Association Journal – study on resting heart rate vs mortality
http://www.cmaj.ca/content/early/2015/11/23/cmaj.150535.full.pdf
Health & Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) – Statistics on obesity, physical activity and diet
http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB13648/Obes-phys-acti-diet-eng-2014-rep.pdf
International Journal of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity – study on the difference between self reported and actual levels of physical activity
http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/5/1/56
Bristol University – study of levels of physical inactivity
http://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/cmpo/migrated/documents/wp311.pdf
ISRN Journal paper – health benefits of physical activity
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3501820/
Paper in The Lancet – activity benefits
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2811%2960749-6/abstract
ONS – Mortality in England & Wales – Average life span
Prof David Speigelhalter paper – why life expectancy data is misleading
Kings Fund paper – life expectancy
http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/time-to-think-differently/trends/demography/life-expectancy#healthy
Times Article – why we’d rather live a healthy life than a long one
http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/health/news/article4443070.ece
HSCIC – Alcohol statistics
http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB10932
Christopher Snowden blog – “The middle class drink epidemic”
http://velvetgloveironfist.blogspot.co.uk/2015/07/the-middle-class-drink-epidemic.html
Guardian article – Alcohol consumption in England is underestimated
The Times – Dr Mark Porter article on numbers of heavy/frequent drinkers
German study on excess alcohol-related mortality
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23072405
US Centre for Disease control (CDC) – study on tobacco related mortality
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/tobacco_related_mortality/
Australian National University study – tobacco related mortality
http://www.anu.edu.au/news/all-news/almost-two-million-smokers-will-die-from-their-habit
NCBI paper – Smoking & Obesity occurence
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1488756/
Sport England – Active People Survey
http://archive.sportengland.org/research/active_people_survey/active_people_survey_7.aspx
Harvard Study – how much exercise is enough
http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/11/how-much-exercise-is-enough/
Journal article – does physical activity increase life expectancy
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jar/2012/243958/
Prof David Speigelhalter – what is your effective age
Kings College London – the potential harm reduction from e-cigarettes
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/ioppn/news/records/2015/August/ecigarettes.aspx
NY Times article – The use of e-cigarettes rises sharply amongst teenagers
New England Journal of Medicine – a risk aversion method to quit smoking
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1414293#t=article
The Lancet journal – the benefits of stopping smoking
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2812%2961720-6/abstract
The benefits of smoking cessation for longevity
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447499/
Daily Mail article – why it might take seven attempts to stop smoking
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1350351/Trying-quit-smoking-It-years-seven-attempts.html
Harvard article – whole grains linked to lower mortality risk
http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/more-whole-grains-linked-with-lower-mortality-risk/
Maastricht University – daily nut consumption linked to lower levels of mortality
Guardian article – brisk daily walking reduces ageing and increases life span
The effects of alcohol on nutrition
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10422091
American Heart Association article – moderate coffee drinking may be linked to reduced levels of heart disease
University College London – article – busting the 21 day habit forming myth
https://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/hbrc/2012/06/29/busting-the-21-days-habit-formation-myth/
Times article – Matt Ridley – cholesterol is now OK
http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/columnists/article4449967.ece
Times article – fruit snacking is rotten for your teeth
NY Times article – simple rules for healthy eating
http://mobile.nytimes.com/2015/04/21/upshot/simple-habits-for-healthy-eating.html?referrer
American College of Cardiology – How healthy obesity declines over time
Journal of the American Medical Association – a call for the end to diet debates
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1730520
Guardian article – low-fat diets don’t work, low-carb do
web site for Dr Zoe Harcombe
Duke university – study of low-carb diet vs low-cal diet
http://corporate.dukemedicine.org/news_and_publications/news_office/news/7598
collection of 23 studies into low-carb diets
http://authoritynutrition.com/23-studies-on-low-carb-and-low-fat-diets/
Cell – the beneficial effects of time-restricted feeding
http://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/abstract/S1550-4131(12)00189-1
NY Times article – why diet advice that ignores hunger can’t work
Guardian article – Alcohol Moderation Management
Mortality in relation to alcohol consumption – Richard Doll et al study
http://www.bmj.com/content/309/6959/911
Richard Snowden blog on misuse of alcohol study results
http://velvetgloveironfist.blogspot.co.uk/2015/04/tim-stockwell-merchant-of-doubt.html
Prof David Speigelhalter – misleading conclusions from the latest alcohol protection study
http://understandinguncertainty.org/misleading-conclusions-alcohol-protection-study
Journal of the American Medical Association – meta-study of alcohol and all-cause mortality
http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=769554
ISBRA – Beneficial effects of moderate alcohol consumption
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01286.x/abstract
Actual alcohol sales compared to survey data in US states
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20626370
Christopher Snowden blog – under-reporting and true levels of risk
http://velvetgloveironfist.blogspot.co.uk/2016/01/a-crucial-point-about-alcohol-research.html
Tufts university – longer, faster walking associated with later-life health benefits
Harvard university – how much exercise is enough
http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/11/how-much-exercise-is-enough/
Norwegian study – Increasing physical activity as important as quitting smoking
http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/11/743
British Medical Journal – Socio-economic differences in beliefs about healthy lifestyles
http://jech.bmj.com/content/57/6/440.full
National Obesity Observatory – relationship between obesity and socio-economic status
http://www.noo.org.uk/uploads/doc/vid_16966_AdultSocioeconSep2012.pdf
HSCIC – affluent adult drinking levels
http://www.hscic.gov.uk/article/6878/One-in-four-affluent-adults-drink-above-lower-risk-levels
York University – Mortality, lifestyle and socio-economic status
https://www.york.ac.uk/media/economics/documents/herc/wp/05_02.pdf
Times article on healthy vs long life
http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/health/news/article4443070.ece
Kings College London – how exercise slows down the ageing process
Brigham & Womens hospital – The factors influencing exceptional longevity in men
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18268169
Duke University – A potential cause for Alzheimers
https://today.duke.edu/2015/04/arginine
Guardian article – keys to a mentally alert old age
NHS UK – diet, exercise and brain training may help keep the mind sharp
Alzheimers Society – how online brain training improves memory
https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/news_article.php?newsID=2494
JAMA – the benefits of physical activity in older women
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=199487
The Lancet article – BMI and the risk of dementia
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(15)00033-9/abstract
Diabetes.co.uk – is type-3 diabetes a cause of alzheimers?
http://www.diabetes.co.uk/type3-diabetes.html
ONS – historic and projected cohort life expectancy data
Techcrunch article – biometric tattoos
Times article – blood test can predict cancer
http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/uk/article4414041.ece?shareToken=a804d5b8410a92bdf6898c66c3a51ea8
US research paper – Genomics and prostate cancer
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26000489
Healthline article – robotic surgery revolution
http://www.healthline.com/health-news/is-da-vinci-robotic-surgery-revolution-or-ripoff-021215#4
Guardian article – a paradigm shift in the treatment of lung cancer
Science Daily article – nanotechnology used to regenerate tissues, organs
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070503205701.htm
Guardian article – nanotechnology and stem cell research
http://www.theguardian.com/nanotechnology-world/nanotechnology-shaping-stem-cell-research
Royal Society of Chemistry – a revolution in biomaterials
http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/Issues/2010/July/BiomaterialsRevolution.asp
Guardian article – the elixir of youth
ONS dynamc model – your chances of living to 100
http://visual.ons.gov.uk/what-are-your-chances-of-living-to-100/